Ocean+Pollution

**Miss, I wrote all my questions and told the other ones to write their own questions, we are missing questions from alex and vasco, we are also missing 1 question from santiago,** **Rafaela**
 * Ocean Pollution Group
 * Ocean Pollution Group

**Miss i'm vasco you highlited the word shoals that means groups of fish migrate because of ocean pollution, i said it in my presentation**


 * Are these questions for all the group? How many questions per student? Are these questions enough to really know the problem? **
 * Miss Caro **

All our questions
1. What is ocean pollution? (Rafaela) 2. Has ocean pollution got worse?How? (Rafaela) 3. What can people do to reduce ocean pollution? (Rafaela) 4. How is ocean pollution connected to animal abuse? (Santiago) 5. What kind of ocean pollution is the most popular in Peru? (Santiago) 6. Which area of the peruvian sea is the most polluted? (Santiago) 7. How does ocean pollution affects the environment? (Vasco) 8. How does ocean pollution affects the fishermen economy? (Vasco) 9. What are the facts that make Pucusana a polluted place? (Vasco) 10. How are animals are affected by ocean pollution? (Alex) 11. What causes ocean pollution? (Alex) 12. What are the pollutants in ocean pollution? (Alex)

1. **What is Ocean Pollution? (Rafaela)**


 * It is chemicals, noise, waste, industrial leftovers, and organisms.
 * It often comes from the polluted air or water, like dust, wind blown debris, agriculture waste.
 * Most of the pollution affects plankton and small sea animals.
 * When pesticides (a chemical that kills animals and plants) mix with the marine ecosystem they kill or hurt the marine food chains.


 * Summary:**

Ocean Pollution can be from fecal pollution to oil spills. Most of the pollution comes from chemicals, noise, industrial waste, and organisms. It also comes from the polluted air or water, like dust, wind blow debris and agriculture waste. This waste comes into the ocean when the rain comes down the mountain. In the way the rain comes down the mountain, it collects all this runoff. When this water comes down the hill, it gets into the ocean and pollutes it. To sumerize I can say that in this pharagraph I have learned what are all types of ocean pollution and how they get to the ocean.

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Ocean pollution doesn’t affect all animals the same. Most of the pollution affects plankton and small sea animals. Pesticides give all the damage to the fish, plants and the marine food chains. In order to kill or damage this animals, plants, etc, pesticides (a chemical that kills animals and plants), have to mix with the marine ecosystem. All this ocean pollution is a cycle, first the pollution kills animals or gets them sick, then fishermen may kill the animals that are sick, and finally we eat this fishes and die or get a diseases. As a conclution of this pharagraph I can sumerize that Pesticides kill or damage the marine food chains and the living creatures in the ocean when they mix with the marine ecosystem. ====== **Sources:** [] [] []

**2.** **Has ocean Pollution got worse? How? (Rafaela)**


 * Yes
 * The pollution is 28% worse than in 2005.
 * It has mainly got worse by waste (dust, rocks, mud, etc), because when the rain comes down the hill or mountain it carries all this waste.
 * It has also got worse by factory waste that rivers bring, overflows, oil and sewage spills.
 * Some towns throw human waste to the ocean.
 * People were victims of virus, bacteria, parasites, diseases, ear and nose infections, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, skin rashes, and respiratory illness.
 * It is mostly occurring during the summer, when people go to the beach.

**Summary:**

Yes. Ocean Pollution in Lima is 28% worse than in 2005. It has mainly got worse by waste, because when the rain comes down the hill or mountain it carries all the debris, dust, rocks that finds on its way to the ocean. It has also got worse by factory waste that rivers bring, overflows and oil and sewage spills. Some towns pollute because they throw the human waste to the sea. Based on the ocean pollution people are victims of virus, parasites, ear and nose infections, diseases like gastroenteritis, encephalitis, skin rashes, and respiratory illness. This pollution is mostly occurring in the summer, when people go to the beach. [|http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/20156905/ns/today/t/best-worst-beaches-us#.T4w1LxzwyXc] [] []
 * Sources: **

**Where are the fact fragments for the summary above?**
** 3. ** **What are people already doing to reduce Ocean Pollution? (Rafaela)**


 * The government can make a law.
 * People have to buy products that don´t contain toxic.?????
 * We have to try to keep plastic and waste out of the ocean, that way we will help to reduce the tiny plastic that kills animals who eat it.
 * Import less fuel because it spills in the ocean.
 * Organize a beach clean up.
 * Reduce your trash.
 * Make sure only rain goes down the drain.
 * Take care of rivers, so that factories and people don´t throw their waste to them.
 * Find out more about your beach.

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To reduce ocean pollution, the government can make a law, People HAVE to buy products that don’t contain toxic; we have to TRY to keep plastic out of the sea, that way we will help reduce the tiny plastic that kills the animals that eat it. We also have to import less fuel, because it spills in the ocean. We can organize a beach clean up, OBVIOUSLY reduce your trash, Make sure only rain goes down the drain, take care of rivers, so that factories and people don't throw their waste on them and find out more about your beach. Recycle your used motor oil and filters, stop littering in the ocean. ======

http://beverly.wrytestuff.com/swa494388.htm http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/oceans/kids/reducing-pollution.html http://www.lastormwater.org/take-action/help-stop-pollution/
 * Sources: **

**Bibliography:**


How are animals affected by ocean pollution?(Alex)
 * Many animals are affected by ocean pollution

This fact fragment is not relevant for your question

 * Ocean pollution has alot of consequences

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 * If coated by oil animals may not be able to swim or fly properly
 * Ocean pollution affects animals health

This fact fragment is not relevant for your question

 * Ocean pollution can give diseases

This fact fragment is not relevant for your question
Many animals are affected by ocean pollution and they aren’t just marine animals. Ocean pollution has a lot of consequences one of them is that marine animals and birds may not be able to swim or fly properly. Ocean pollution affects animals lives by giving them diseases, killing them and deforming the animals. Because of ocean pollution many coral reefs have been destroyed. Coral reefs are disappearing very fast because of toxic wastes and oil. Many types of toxic wastes can choke, contaminate and strangle marine animals. Oxygen in the ocean is disappearing progressively. Water in the bottom part of the ocean disappears faster because ocean pollution most of the time sinks in to the bottom. Oil sticks to the fur, feathers, scales of animals. Many types of marine life are struggling to survive water pollution and if we don’t stop it humans sooner or later will be affected by ocean pollution. Toxins are very common in our society and are killing a lot of marine life such as fish, corals, plants and crab like creatures. As well many pollutants are making oxygen that fish disappear. It is also killing many kinds of algae that fish use to feed.
 * it kills animals
 * it can deform animals
 * many coral reefs have been destroyed
 * Toxic wastes choke animals
 * Ocean pollution causes low oxygen
 * The part of the ocean that is most deep oxygen is disappearing faster
 * Coral reefs are starting to get worse progressively
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This answer is very general. Do we have coral reefs in Lima? How is Ocean pollution affecting the sea in Lima?
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What causes ocean pollution?(Alex)
 * Oceans have been treated as sewage dumps

This fact fragment is not relevant for your question

 * 80% of ocean pollution comes from land based activities
 * 20% comes from marine transportation
 * sunscreen also pollutes the ocean
 * many coral reefs are suffocating sunscreen

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 * people have a dominant role in ocean pollution

People have a dominant role in ocean pollution and are ignoring the fact that the oceans are more polluted than ever before and are using the oceans as sewage dumps. 80% of ocean pollution is caused by land based activities and 20% is caused by marine transportation. And even if you don’t notice the sunscreen also pollutes the ocean so scientists have created Eco friendly sunscreen. Oil spills happen when it is being transported across the ocean and slips through its container or when the oil is too heavy and they throw it to the ocean. Some factories have tubes that discharge oil directly to the ocean. There has been nuclear dumping into the oceans as a way of getting rid of nuclear wastes. Many countries treat and then dump sewage into the ocean. Water runoff is when rain or mountain water takes dirt, dust, rocks and plastic into the ocean. Garbage in the streets will eventually end up in the ocean depending if they go to the dump or to the sewage.
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 * [|http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ocean-pollution-causes.htm] ||




 * [|http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Po-Re/Pollution-of-the-Ocean-by-Plastic-and-Trash.html#b] ||

What causes Ocean pollution in Lima?
What are the pollutants in ocean pollution?(Alex) People have the major role in ocean pollution thanks to oil, excrement, toxic wastes, plastic bags/containers, marine transportation, land based activities, bottle caps, factories, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, residential wastes, rural wastes, oil and gas production and soil erosion, and those things come from the peoples role in ocean pollution. Toxic wastes are the most harmful form of ocean pollution. And the most common pollutant are Toxic wastes, plastic and excrement.
 * Oil
 * Excrement
 * Toxic wastes
 * Plastic bags/containers
 * Marine transportation
 * Land based activities
 * Bottle caps
 * Factories
 * Industrial wastes
 * Agricultural waste
 * Residental wastes
 * Rural wastes
 * most common pollutant are Toxic wastes, Plastic, Excrement
 * Toxic wastes are the most harmful form of ocean pollution
 * erosion of soils
 * oil and gas production

This is the same question as the one before!!!

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** 1.How does ocean pollution affects the environment? (Vasco) ** **Facts:**
 * [|http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Po-Re/Pollution-of-the-Ocean-by-Plastic-and-Trash.html#b] ||
 * In many beaches the water has high levels of contamination and are no longer recommended for people.
 * Many of the waste thrown to the oceans end up in the cliffs and in the shores, making beaches very dirty.
 * Some species are using the waste that people throw to the ocean as their habitats.
 * Many animals by mistake get stuck or eat waste and get injured or die, thats why we see lots of dolphins and sea lions dying in the shores
 * The varieties of marine species are being reduced, many species are disappearing.

Summary

In the last years, we've heard and seen many articles of infected beaches which are closed to people because of the high levels of contamination. It is very common walking along the coast of different beaches in different countries and finding lots of waste such as: plastic bottles, cans, bags, (etc) which in the best of the cases are thrown by the waves to the shores, but in most of the cases drawn into the bottom of the ocean, where animals have their habitats.

It is also very common walking along the beaches and finding dolphins and bird species dying because of the pollution of their habitats which are no longer appropriate for them. In some cases this animals also die because their feed chain has been broken, where what they were used to eat is no longer in the ocean, little species disappear, and affects directly big species. Human irresponsibility is mainly the reason for this.


 * Sources: **

__ [|greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Types_of_Ocean_Pollution] __ __ [|www.environmentalhealthnews.org/...perus-dolphin-die-off] __ __ [|www.nationsencyclopedia.com/...Peru-ENVIRONMENT.html] __ __www.seamenschurch.org/environmental-guide/protecting-environment__

How are animals affected by ocean pollution?(Alex)
**2 .How does ocean pollution affect the fishermen economy? (Vasco)**

**Facts:**
 * In many cases artisinal fishermen need to go much further of the coast than usual to find clean oceans where shoals have migrated.
 * Fishermen spend much more fuel for traveling further, spend much more food, days and raw materials for larger trips which increases their costs.
 * Fishermen need to spend much more money in special equipment to travel further from the coasts.
 * In many cases being so far means a great risk for the fish they have already caught, and can get damaged because of the days and hours they store it.
 * When the algae reduce and die because of the contamination there are less little fish which means big fish have less to eat, so they are smaller and skinnier.

__Summary__ Ocean pollution forces fishermen to look for clean oceans further from the coast than they were used to. They need to go were shoals???? migrate. Sometimes this distances are so far that they represent a really big risk to this people, they can get lost, they can spend all their fuel, they can get sick, stay adrift or sometimes have accidents that because of their distance can't be attended.

Fishermen have to spend much more money for longer trips, they need to buy larger boats, special equipment, and lots of fuel which affect directly in the price of the fish. The more they spend in the trip the higher should be the price of the fish, but the market is not always ready to accept those prices. This means their profit decreases although their life is in more risk.

Sources: [|www.environmentalhealthnews.org] [|www.mfe.govtz.nz] [|www.beverly.wrytestuff.com]

How are fishermen in Peru affected by ocean pollution?
**What are the facts that makes Pucusana a polluted place? (Vasco)**


 * Most of the people in Pucusana prefer to throw their garbage down the cliff, and finally it gets to the ocean.

Why?
> > **Summary:** > > Pucusana community has very few facilities, to throw their garbage in special points of collection, they don't even know how useful their organic waste is. There is also a lack of organization in garbage collection from the pears, where lots and lots of garbage accumulates and finally in thrown to the ocean. Municipalities do not run garbage collection projects that can help in this big issue and make a big difference in Pucusana >
 * No garbage recollection is organized to get waste out of the fishing piers
 * The community doesn't have collection points of garbage near their houses so they throw their garbage anywhere, otherwise they would need to take their garbage walking long distances.
 * They haven't taught the community how to recycle their waste, they don't know how to make organic waste useful.

Vasco, I just read the website you got this information from and there is a lot of important information you did not include in your summary.
Source:

__mundoazul.org/zero-contamination/clean-peru/clean-pucusana/__



**__Ocean Pollution__**

Which area of the Peruvian sea is the most polluted? (Santiago)


 * __ Facts: __**


 * The coast of Callao is the most polluted due to drainage of the Collector Comas, Centenario and San Agustin.


 * In the sea of Callao, you can find fecal coliform, heavy metals, oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum.


 * Between the center and north of the bay of Callao, there is a lack of Oxygen due to toxic materials, radioactive and dangerous human use.

DIGESA: Is responsible for verifying and preserving sea water quality.


 * __ Summary: __**

The coast of Callao is the most polluted due to drainage of the collector Comas, Centenario and San Agustin. In the sea of Callao, you can find fecal coliform, heavy metals, oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum. Between the center and north of the bay of Callao, there is a lack of Oxygen due to toxic materials, radioactive and dangerous human use.

DIGESA: It is an organization that is responsible for verifying and preserving sea water quality.

Could you have given data? How has this problem become better or worse throughout the years?
**__ Ocean Pollution __**

How is ocean pollution connected to animal abuse? (Santiago)


 * __ Facts: __**


 * When people pollute the ocean, they are polluting animal’s habitats.


 * When the animals in the ocean consume or breathe this polluted water, they become sick, and they die.


 * The plants living in the ocean are damaged too.


 * Ocean pollution also affects the process of photosynthesis; coral reefs and other plants cannot eat

ORCA: This organization is responsible for saving and taking care of creatures living in the ocean.


 * __ Summary: __**

When the ocean is polluted, the animals and also the plants living in there die. Plastics, toxic materials, garbage dumping, oil spills, industrial wastes, heavy metals, fecal coliform, and any radioactive materials kill ocean animals and plants. By polluting the ocean, people are abusing of the animals living in there. Also when people fish for no reason, or when they kill animals living in the ocean for no reason, they are abusing of the animals. Animals are living creatures that have the right to live like any human being, what happens is that people think that animals are things, that they can go to the sea and dump trash in it.

ORCA: This organization is responsible for saving and taking care of creatures living in the ocean.

**__ Ocean Pollution __**

What kind of ocean pollution is the most popular in Lima, Peru? (Santiago)


 * __ Facts: __**


 * Any toxic or radioactive material sent from the sewage.


 * Fecal coliform and detergent.


 * Plastics can also be one of the materials mostly found in the ocean.


 * __ Summary: __**

Any toxic or radioactive material sent from the sewage is the most dangerous one for the ocean. Fecal coliform and detergent are the ones that pollute the ocean the most. Also plastics are one of the materials mostly found in the ocean and also it is one of the most dangerous one for the creatures living in the ocean. Fish and Birds take plastic from the ocean thinking it is food, and they give it to their babies, the babies get very sick, and most of them die. All the plastic found in the ocean, could make a gigantic spot the size of the U.S. When El Fenomeno Del Niño arrives to the Peruvian coasts, it leaves a huge spot of plastic bags in the beaches of Peru. In Redondo beach in Miraflores, people have found tons of plastic bags and plastic bottles, and wood. In a beach in Magdalena there is a huge amount of trash dumped by the trucks working in the street. Also, the beach of Chocoy in Barranco, has being polluted by solid waste effluents.